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Understanding Mergers and Acquisitions Strategy

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The Point: When most people think about starting a business, they often think of starting from scratch — designing the business from scratch and making your own concepts and plans. But is this the right — or best — strategy for an entrepreneur? In this post, we’ll explore understanding mergers and acquisitions strategy… Enjoy!

Tip of the Spear Understanding Mergers and Acquisitions

This is actually easier than starting an entirely new company, as you have a known product to base your business around. However, buying an existing company can still help you get started on the right foot. Here is what you should know to get a lot out of your purchase. Read on for more information on mergers and acquisitions.

There are two ways to go about mergers and acquisitions (M&A). One way is through an all-cash transaction, which allows you to take over a majority of the assets of the other companies and you keep all of the equity. Another way to approach the process is by conducting a financial transaction, where you receive cash for a portion of the total equity. Both methods have different advantages and disadvantages, so it’s important that you carefully consider which option will be best for you.

The first thing to consider is whether or not there are synergies between the two companies. You want to be able to add to the strength of one company while keeping away from the weakness of the other. For example, buying a hospital that offers medical equipment to nursing homes could be a good move for both companies. However, buying a manufacturing company that makes products for the home repair industry could be a bad move for both companies. So the two mergers and acquisitions strategies have to be well thought out before you make a decision.

You also have to understand the benefits of the mergers and acquisitions. Some examples of these benefits include saving cash, leveling the corporate ladder, combining research and development, and better service to customers. In order for these benefits to be realized, you have to look at the costs of the transactions carefully. This means looking at both the direct and indirect costs involved with the transactions.

You should also determine the value of the acquired assets. You should compare the total assets acquired, including goodwill, to the total market value of the combined company. Remember that these purchases do not always result in absolute value. Sometimes, the actual net worth of the acquired business is less than the purchase price.

SUMMARY

In summary, the main goal of the acquisition and mergers and acquisitions strategies is to acquire a company that can provide a service or product that solves a problem for the buyer. One of the main downsides to acquisitions is the risk of acquiring weak companies that might not be able to support the obligations you have with them. Be sure to get all the facts before you decide on a strategy. Make sure you are familiar with all the terms before you enter into any agreements.

Business Acquisition Due Diligence – Accounting

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The Point: The world of mergers and acquisitions is fantastic, especially once you have an prospective organization under Letter of Intent (LOI). This time period is one where due diligence is conducted to confirm whether the organization is what it says it is. Especially important during this due diligence time period is the analysis conducted by an Accountant. So in this post, we’ll explore business acquisition due diligence from an accounting perspective… Enjoy!

For many accountants, business acquisition is an onerous and time-consuming process. It is not just the cost of purchasing additional capital or paying for legal assistance, that can be a drain on funds. The sheer complexity of mergers and acquisitions often requires a large investment in professional services in addition to time, dedication, and effort. However, many accountants fail to realize that the vast majority of mergers and acquisitions are performed by lawyers and accountants. This post will highlight some of the challenges accountants face in the process of business acquisition due diligence.

Due Diligence – 2 Primary Challenges

There are two primary reasons why accountants are the primary force behind acquisition activities. First, they have access to the appropriate legal information and personnel to make a knowledgeable purchase of a business. Second, they are well-versed in the financial statements and the business plans of both companies. In short, they understand the products and services that each company offers and the expectations from the purchase. Although these key assets are important, it is sometimes unrealistic to put such great faith in them when it comes to the complex negotiations that must precede a transaction. For this reason, it is vital that accountants remain neutral in their recommendations to the management regarding the proposed merger or acquisition.

In reality, most business transactions occur at a slow pace, with little or no external input. Therefore, accountants become involved only after significant due diligence has been conducted. The process may begin with a simple review of financial statements and company records to determine if the prospective acquirer is making a sound purchase or is entering into a deal with unrealistic expectations. This preliminary examination of the business’s records should not take more than a few hours, and is time consuming, but it is time well spent.

Accountants and Lenders in Due Diligence

When a company is in the process of obtaining financing, there may also be instances where the lender requires diligence in connection with the loan. Lenders are becoming increasingly educated about the benefits associated with acquiring an existing business rather than an entirely new one. As a result, the process may include requesting business information from accountants as a part of the due diligence process. Accountants may provide information concerning the companies’ credit ratings, operational revenue, and cash flow, as well as any positive or negative indicators that reflect on the business’s financial health.

Accuracy Counts in Due Diligence

For the individual who has entered into a business acquisition transaction, it is imperative to maintain accurate accounts in order to ensure that the transaction goes as smoothly as possible. Good accountants will have access to information that is rarely shared within a business acquisition firm. This type of specialized information allows individuals to make intelligent decisions regarding the purchase of a business. It will provide the acquirer with accurate information that can be used to determine the amount of funds needed for the acquisition and to determine if the business has the potential to increase profit and revenue. In fact, business acquisition due diligence is so important that businesses have their own internal accountants as well as outside accountants who are responsible for performing these tasks.

SUMMARY

Most business acquisition firms prefer to hire accountants who have previous experience in acquisitions as they know how to manage the due diligence process. Additionally, a business acquisition consultant should focus on developing relationships with other business acquirers to ensure that the due diligence process goes as smoothly as possible. Most consultants will perform all of these tasks on behalf of the acquirer. In fact, most will dedicate several of their business acquisition specialists to working exclusively with the acquirer.

SMB Sustainability: Five Urgent M&A Issues and Implications

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Selling a Small Business – 5 Tips for Baby Boomers Approaching Retirement

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The Point: As a small business owner, you pour your blood, sweat, and tears into your business! The day-in/day-out challenges associated with leading a business as it’s owner are supposed to be offset by the “golden” years of selling it and retiring. As the largest demographic in our society, the Baby Boomers, approach their exit it appears as though the golden years are turning to rust before our very eyes! So, in this post we’ll explore selling a small business with 5 tips for Baby Boomers approaching retirement… Enjoy! (NOTE: While the focus of this article is on Baby Boomers, it can be applied to any small business owner looking to successfully exit!)

The Baby Boomers

Baby Boomers born between 1946 and 1964 represent an estimated 73 million people in our society (The second-largest age group after their children, the Millennials, born from 1982 to 2000). Baby Boomers represent 41% of small business owners or franchise owners (Second to Gen X’ers born between 1965 and 1980 at 44%).

This demographic rapidly approaching retirement age (generally thought of as age 62 – the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work and is usually the age at which they may be entitled to receive superannuation or other government benefits, like a state pension). As they achieve this milestone, few appear to be financially ready/able to successfully retire. The top two reasons being that (1) they were the first generation expected to establish for themselves self-retirement tools/savings as opposed to government provisions and (2) the economic recession from 2008 reducing significant savings (if any were established).

Baby Boomer Small Business Owners

Statistics reflect that almost 40% of Baby Boomer small business owners feel they don’t have the financial confidence to retire before they’re 65, let alone three years earlier at 62! What’s more, a recent study suggests a full 72% don’t even have an exit strategy. Exit strategies for small business owners typically consist of the following (in popularity order):

  1. Liquidation
  2. Liquidation Over Time
  3. Keep Your Business in the Family (i.e., Succession Planning)
  4. Sell Your Business to Managers and/or Employees (i.e., Employee Stock Ownership Planning – ESOP)
  5. Sell the Business in the Open Market (i.e., Mergers)
  6. Sell to Another Business (i.e., Acquisitions)
  7. The IPO (Initial Public Offering)

Tips for Baby Boomers Selling Their Small Business for Retirement

As an active acquirer of small businesses (You can view my firms Acquisition Criteria here: https://tipofthespearventures.com/acquisitions/), I’ve compiled the following five (5) strategies or tips for successfully selling the Baby Boomer owned small business. (Note: As a somewhat conservative investor, I caution against the “all-your-eggs-in-one-basket” mentality when it comes to selling your business ahead of retirement).

Tip #1 – Diversify Your Money

One of the biggest strategies I see small business owners do is hinge their entire retirement on the sale of their business. A better strategy consists of acting well before the sale. It is important that small business owners take money out of the business from a personal standpoint and invest those funds no less than three years prior to an anticipated sale. Typically, most businesses will provide the most recent years financial statements as part of the financial packet to prospective buyers. Statements that reflect anomalies are scrutinized, leading to a sale multiple (3-5x) that will be less than or undesirable.

Tip #2 – Financial Statement Cleaning

Along those lines, the organization’s financial statements are the foundation reviewed during acquisition due diligence when selling any business. Updating the core documents like profit and loss statements can make a big difference to anyone exploring the enterprise.

Updated balance sheets and tax returns for at least the last three fiscal years is crucial in projecting the best financial position possible. The goal being to make sure everything ties together, making sense to potential acquirers and being easy to understand.

Tip #3 – Removing Yourself from the Business

Do you have staffing that’s able to run the business after your exit? As an active Owner Investor (as opposed to Owner Operator) I typically look for organizations that have depth of staff that will allow the organization under new leadership to continue on without current ownership running the entity day-in/day-out. Easing the transition here means hiring employees that will stay as the face of your business when the ownership changes. This strategy allows small business owners to potentially increase the value of their business and the likelihood it will sell.

Tip #4 – Operational Documentation

Having an Operational Guide is important for every business to successfully operate/run. These Operational Guides are critical details for manufacturing, distribution and sales. This guide that is written down and documented makes it easier for the new buyer to pick-up where the old owner left off and drive the organization forward. They also make it easier/less stressful for those employees remaining with the business.

Tip #5 – Identify Legal Barriers

Identifying if the sale of your business is an Asset (when a buyer is interested in purchasing the operating assets of a business instead of stock shares) or Stock (shareholders of the target company receive shares in the acquiring company as payment, rather than cash) sale will ease the exit process. Removing any of the legal hurdles can make the road to a sale less difficult for acquisition. For example, one that we keep coming up against is the transfer of the lease (Landlords using the sale of the business as an opportunity to renegotiate leases and up the rent can be viewed as undesirable to potential buyers).

SUMMARY

In this post, we’ve explored selling a small business with 5 tips for Baby Boomers approaching retirement along with 5 tips. All of these strategies are desirable for potential acquirers. As such, Baby Boomers looking to sell their business should look to complete them to position their business as they look to exit into their golden years of retirement.

Sam Palazzolo

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Mergers & Acquisitions: Slowing Down to Speed Up! Part 2

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The Point: When it comes to Mergers & Acquisitions, speeding up isn’t the answer. In fact, I typically see that if those that lead M&A would simply slow down, they actually achieve their objectives more quickly! So how then do Mergers & Acquisitions leaders and their teams slow down for success? In this two-part post (You can read Part 1 by CLICKING HERE), we’ll explore exactly how slowing down to speed up can be achieved in Mergers & Acquisitions… Enjoy!

In Part 1 of this post on “Mergers & Acquisitions: Slowing Down to Speed Up!” we explored how slowing down to speed up can be achieved in Mergers & Acquisitions. Specifically, we reviewed the effect of COVID-19 on M&A, a six (6) stage Mergers & Acquisitions Strategy, and how slowing down to speed up can result in M&A success. Here in Part 2, we will continue the discussion on potential challenges and how to navigate them.

Pricing Flexibility and Fairness

As mentioned in Part 1, a key issue when negotiating an M&A deal is the agreed to pricing mechanism or structure of the deal and related adjustments to be made. Know this: There is almost always a difference between what the Seller believes is the appropriate price and what they Buyer believes they should have to pay for a business. This valuation gap should contain contingency planning on how to deal with differences in lock box (fixed price plus an interest component), working capital, capex, and net debt adjustments and Seller Discretionary Earning – SDE or earnout.

The Breakup Clause or MAC

As a Buyer of businesses, we typically like to include clauses that allow for a clean “breakup” if need be. There’s considerable time and investment made, and nothing is worse than an ugly breakup! Including a Material Adverse Change (MAC) condition whereby “walk-away” privileges are preserved.

Keep in mind that a MAC should be used as a Buyer’s protection tool in the event significant differentiation presents itself in asset deterioration versus stated condition for example. A MAC should not be utilized as a “cool down” or buyer’s remorse prevention tool.

Targeted Due Diligence

The main issues identified for the business should be included in a targeted due diligence approach. This approach could be further supported by identifying and putting into place Representations and a Warranty & Insurance policy. These policies are used in Mergers and Acquisitions to protect against losses arising due to the Seller’s breach of certain representations made in the acquisition agreement.

With so much to consider when it comes to a Mergers and Acquisitions due diligence initiative, where should you start? In other words, if you don’t have a target to aim for, you’ll never know if you hit or miss it! Consider this due diligence moment as one similar to a VC exploring a Series B round investment. Here then is a list of 8 items to target as a part of your due diligence:

  1. Corporate Records and Charter Documents
  2. Business Plan and Financials
  3. Intellectual Property
  4. Security Issuances and Agreements Concerning Securities
  5. Material Agreements
  6. Information Regarding Disputes and Potential Litigation
  7. Information Regarding Employees and Employee Benefits
  8. Equity Grants

Competitive Analysis

A competitive analysis is a strategy where you identify major competitors and research their products, sales, and marketing strategies. By doing this, you can create solid business strategies that improve upon competitor’s market position. We recommend conducting a Competitive Analysis as part of your due diligence, primarily because you’ll need to identify the current role the organization plays within the existing business climate, as well as where potential lies.

In conducting a SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), we recommend a deep-dive on competitors. You’ll need to identify who you’re really competing with so you can compare data accurately (An apple vs apple comparison, even if it’s two different varieties of apple is better than an apple vs orange comparison). Specifically, you’ll want to identify:

  1. Who are your direct competitors (Those competitors you that offer a product or service that could pass as a similar substitute for yours, and that operate in your same geographic area).
  2. Who are your indirect competitors (Those that provide products/services that are not the same as yours, but could satisfy the same customer need or solve the same problem).

Competitor analysis is something that you’ll also want to revise throughout the years of ownership. Why? The market can and will shift anytime, and if you’re not constantly surveying the competitive landscape, you won’t be aware of changes until it’s too late.

SUMMARY

In this post, Mergers & Acquisitions: Slowing Down to Speed Up! Part 2, we explored how slowing down to speed up can be achieved in Mergers & Acquisitions. Specifically, we reviewed Pricing Flexibility and Fairness, The Breakup Clause or MAC, Targeted Due Diligence, and Competitive Analysis.

Sam Palazzolo